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Because each control pattern represents a separate functionality, they can be combined to describe the full set of functionality supported by a particular control. These properties enable UIA client applications to discover information about pieces of the user interface UI , especially controls, including both static and dynamic data. UIA event notification is a key feature for assistive technologies AT such as screen readers and screen magnifiers.
Efficiency is improved by allowing provider applications to raise events selectively, depending on whether any clients are subscribed to those events, or not at all, if no clients are listening for any events.
UIA exposes the textual content, including format and style attributes, of text controls in UIA-supported platforms. These controls include, but are not limited to, the Microsoft. Exposing the textual content of a control is accomplished through the use of the TextPattern control pattern, which represents the contents of a text container as a text stream.
In turn, TextPattern requires the support of the TextPatternRange class to expose format and style attributes. TextPatternRange supports TextPattern by representing a contiguous text span in a text container with the Start and End endpoints. Multiple or disjoint text spans can be represented by more than one TextPatternRange objects.
TextPatternRange supports functionality such as clone, selection, comparison, retrieval and traversal. UIA can also be useful as a framework for programmatic access in automated testing scenarios. In addition to providing more refined solutions for accessibility, it is also specifically designed to provide robust functionality for automated testing.
Programmatic access provides the ability to imitate, through code, any interaction and experience exposed by traditional user interactions. The Windows Automation API library enables accessibility tools, test automations, and pen services to access a standard user interface across operating system versions.
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Highest score default Trending recent votes count more Date modified newest first Date created oldest first. Improve this answer. Elements are exposed as a tree structure, with the desktop as the root element. Automation elements expose common properties of the UI elements they represent. The Automation Tree represents the entire UI: the root element is the current desktop and child elements are application windows.
Each of these child elements can contain elements representing menus, buttons, toolbars, and so on. These elements in turn can contain elements like list items, as shown in Figure 5. UI Automation providers for a particular control support navigation among the child elements of that control. However, providers are not concerned with navigation between these control subtrees. This is managed by the UI Automation core, using information from the default window providers. To help clients process UI information more effectively, the framework supports alternative views of the automation tree: 1 Raw View, 2 Control View, and 3 Content View.
As Table 1 shows, the type of filtering determines the views, and the client defines the scope of a view. The UI Automation specification defines two kinds of properties: 1 automation element properties and 2 control pattern properties. Automation element properties apply to most controls, providing fundamental information about the element such as its name.
Examples are listed in Table 2. Control pattern properties apply to control patterns, described next. A control pattern describes the attributes and functionality of an automation element. Each control pattern is a canonical representation of possible UI features and functions, as shown in Table 3. There are 22 control patterns defined to date, some of which are new in Windows 7, and the Windows Automation API can support custom control patterns.
Unlike with Microsoft Active Accessibility role or state properties, one automation element can support multiple UI Automation control patterns. A control type is another automation element property that specifies a well-known control that the element represents.
Before you can assign a control type to an element, the element needs to meet certain conditions, including a particular automation tree structure, property values, control patterns, and events. However, you are not limited to these. You can extend a control with custom patterns and properties as well as with the pre-defined ones.
The total number of pre-defined control types is significantly lower than Microsoft Active Accessibility accRole definitions, because you can combine UI Automation control patterns to express a larger set of features while Microsoft Active Accessibility roles cannot. You can also customize the description of control type by LocalizedControlType property while keeping the baseline type as defined. UI Automation events notify applications of changes to and actions taken with automation elements.
The four different types of UI Automation events, as listed in Table 4 , do not necessarily mean that the visual state of the UI has changed. While IAccessibleEx can be a cost effective way of supporting UI Automation, a couple of technical considerations should be made prior to the decision.
If you are developing a new application or control, I recommend UI Automation as it provides the best flexibility. Microsoft Active Accessibility may look simpler in the short term, but there are a lot of serious limitations to overcome, like its Windows inspired object model and the inability to support new UI behaviors or merge roles.
This is supplemented with control types that offer role information to users. Consider the following requirements before you use the IAccessibleEx interface for your application. If either of these baseline requirements is not met, you should consider implementing UI Automation natively.
You can keep legacy Microsoft Active Accessibility server implementations for backward compatibility if it is necessary. To mitigate this, many accessibility tool programs chose to hook into and run in the target application process. While assistive technologies widely employ this in-process code practice, the risk and complexity are extremely high.
Thus, you need an out-of-process solution with better performance and reliability. Windows Automation API 3. The object model is easier to use and more flexible, the automation elements reflect the evolution of modern user interfaces, and developers can define custom UI Automation control patterns, properties, and events. My Subscriber Account Advertise Write. Staffing Home Looking for Work?
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